Fevzi Çakmak

Fevzi Çakmak ( 1876)- (12.04.1950) genelkurmay başkanı, mareşal, milletvekili


GÖREV SÜRESİ:
12 Temmuz 1922 - 3 Mart 1924 (Orgeneral)
3 Mart 1924 - 12 Ocak 1944 (Mareşal)



1876 yılında İstanbul'da doğdu. 1895 yılında teğmen rütbesi ile Harp Okulu'nu bitirdi. Aynı yıl girdiği Harp Akademisi'ni 1898 yılında bitirerek kurmay oldu. Bu tarihten itibaren ordunun çeşitli kademelerinde karargah ve birlik komutanlığı görevlerinde bulundu.

Arnavutluk Harekatı ve İsyanı'na, İtalya, Balkan, 1 nci Dünya ve Kurtuluş Savaşları'na katıldı.

1914 yılında tümgeneralliğe yükseldi. Çeşitli birliklerde Kolordu Komutanlığı, Anafartalar Grup Komutanlığı ve Ordu Komutanlığı görevlerinde bulundu. 6 Ocak 1918 tarihinde Genelkurmay Başkanlığı'na atandı. 28 Temmuz 1918 tarihinde korgeneralliğe yükseldi. 27 Mayıs 1919 tarihine kadar bu görevi yürüttü. 1 nci Ordu Müfettişliği'nden sonraki Harbiye Nazırlığı görevinden 21 Nisan 1920 tarihinde istifa ederek Anadolu'ya geçti. Milli Müdafaa Vekili ve Heyeti Vekile Reisliği görevine atandı. 3 Nisan 1921 tarihinde orgeneral, 31 Ağustos 1922 tarihinde de Büyük Zafer'in kazanılmasındaki yüksek hizmetlerini takdiren mareşalliğe terfi ettirildi. 12 Temmuz 1922 - 3 Mart 1924 tarihleri arasında Genelkurmay Başkanlığı Vekilliği, 3 Mart 1924 tarihinden 12 Ocak 1944 tarihine kadar Genelkurmay Başkanlığı yaptı. 12 Ocak 1944 tarihinde yaş haddinden emekli oldu.

Fransızca, İngilizce, Almanca biliyordu. Evli ve iki çocuk babasıydı. 12 Nisan 1950 tarihinde vefat etti. Eyüp Sultan'da toprağa verildi.


English Biography

Mustafa Fevzi was born in 1876 in Istanbul. After graduating from the War Academy in 1898, he began working at the High Command in Istanbul and the next year he went to the Balkans where he fought against the Serbian and Albanian gangs. As early as 1907, he became a Colonel.

In 1910, Mustafa Fevzi was the chief of staff of the Kosovo Corps, which was ordered to suppress the rebellion in Albania. He took part in the Balkan War, first as the commander of the 21st Division, later as the head of operations of the Vardar Army. In 1913, he was appointed as the commander of the V Corps.

After the World War broke out, he first took part in the Gallipoli campaign with his V Corps. He led his forces in the battles against the British in the southern part of the peninsula, supported Mustafa Kemal’s troops in Conkbayırı and eventually replaced Mustafa Kemal, who fell sick, as the commander of the Anafartalar Group in December 1915. He became a General in the same year and later during the war, he took part in the battles in the Caucasus, Syria and Palestine.

After the armistice was signed, Fevzi Paşa was appointed as the Chief of Staff and kept this post between 24 December 1918 and 14 May 1919. In the governments formed by Ali Rıza Paşa and Salih Hulusi Paşa between February-April 1920, he was the Minister of War and he helped the national resistance, by allowing the transfer of weapons and ammunition from Istanbul to Anatolia. In April 1920, he left Istanbul and joined Mustafa Kemal in Ankara. He joined the Turkish Grand Assembly, which convened the same month, became the Minister of National Defence and on 24 January 1921 he was appointed as the Prime Minister of the Ankara government. Meanwhile, in Istanbul, he was tried in absentia for treason and sentenced to death.

During the War of Independence, Fevzi Paşa also undertook the post of the Chief of General Staff. After the final victory against the Greek forces on 30 August 1922, the Grand Assembly promoted him to the rank of Field Marshall. After the proclamation of the Republic of Turkey on 29 October 1923, he became the first Chief of General Staff of this new country and remained in this post until his retirement in 1944.

Fevzi Çakmak died on 12 April 1950 in Istanbul.